Benefits and Hazards of Immunizations Essay -- Science Scientific Pape

Benefits and Hazards of Immunizations Although science and technology have been very beneficial to us a lot of people are misinformed about its procedures. I myself am a bit fearful about how technologically advanced we're getting in such a short period of time, but this is because I don't understand science. I guess most people that fear science feel that way because of the horrible things that science may bring about. When reading Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" one begins to wonder what if scientists do create a monster and like Dr. Frankenstein did, can no longer undo the creation. It is actually a very scary thought. But then on the other end of the spectrum you have J. Michael Bishop who defends scientists against people's critiques. Bishop is correct in his argument that scientists have done great things. According to him, people begin to lose faith in science because they don't see results as fast as they would like to but as Bishop states research may take years and even then, there may not be a concrete answer. T he important thing is that they are working towards one and people should not expect miracles, they should allow scientists to do their work and only hope for a quick solution. When dealing with a situation of whether science has benefited or troubled the population we can talk about immunizations. Immunizations have saved many children's lives. The epidemic of polio is hardly heard of thanks to immunizations. Measles and chicken pox don't affect children half as much if they've had the immunizations either. So one can say that immunizations have been a benefit to the population because most, if not all, children in the United States have gotten the required vaccines and nearly all of them go away from the... ...ants everybody to get the vaccine, because as statistics show, the majority of the children are perfectly fine after immunizations. The problems that are arising with vaccines shouldn't be blamed on scientists, for they've come up with a solution to the mentioned illnesses. The problem may be in the way doctors are combining vaccines, or implementing them. Works Cited Bishop, J. Michael. "Enemies of Promise." The Presence of Others 3rd edition. Bedford/St. Martins, New York. (2000) : 237-243. Shelley, Mary. "Frankenstein." The Presence of Others 3rd edition. Bedford/St. Martins, New York. (2000) : 231-236. Schumacher, Karin. "Autism & Vaccines: A New Look At An Old Story." (2001). http://www.909shot.com/NVICSpecialReport.htm. (19 May 2001). Schumacher, Karin. "Diabetes Following MMR Shots." (2001). http://www.909shot.com/dicasee.htm. (19 May 2001). Benefits and Hazards of Immunizations Essay -- Science Scientific Pape Benefits and Hazards of Immunizations Although science and technology have been very beneficial to us a lot of people are misinformed about its procedures. I myself am a bit fearful about how technologically advanced we're getting in such a short period of time, but this is because I don't understand science. I guess most people that fear science feel that way because of the horrible things that science may bring about. When reading Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" one begins to wonder what if scientists do create a monster and like Dr. Frankenstein did, can no longer undo the creation. It is actually a very scary thought. But then on the other end of the spectrum you have J. Michael Bishop who defends scientists against people's critiques. Bishop is correct in his argument that scientists have done great things. According to him, people begin to lose faith in science because they don't see results as fast as they would like to but as Bishop states research may take years and even then, there may not be a concrete answer. T he important thing is that they are working towards one and people should not expect miracles, they should allow scientists to do their work and only hope for a quick solution. When dealing with a situation of whether science has benefited or troubled the population we can talk about immunizations. Immunizations have saved many children's lives. The epidemic of polio is hardly heard of thanks to immunizations. Measles and chicken pox don't affect children half as much if they've had the immunizations either. So one can say that immunizations have been a benefit to the population because most, if not all, children in the United States have gotten the required vaccines and nearly all of them go away from the... ...ants everybody to get the vaccine, because as statistics show, the majority of the children are perfectly fine after immunizations. The problems that are arising with vaccines shouldn't be blamed on scientists, for they've come up with a solution to the mentioned illnesses. The problem may be in the way doctors are combining vaccines, or implementing them. Works Cited Bishop, J. Michael. "Enemies of Promise." The Presence of Others 3rd edition. Bedford/St. Martins, New York. (2000) : 237-243. Shelley, Mary. "Frankenstein." The Presence of Others 3rd edition. Bedford/St. Martins, New York. (2000) : 231-236. Schumacher, Karin. "Autism & Vaccines: A New Look At An Old Story." (2001). http://www.909shot.com/NVICSpecialReport.htm. (19 May 2001). Schumacher, Karin. "Diabetes Following MMR Shots." (2001). http://www.909shot.com/dicasee.htm. (19 May 2001).

Online Social Network Bring More Benefits Than Harm for Teens Essay

Social networking is even used to prove the legitimacy or credibility of the individual. From entertainment, information to career improvement, social networking has practically changed the way people communicate and interact online. But social networks still have to face certain challenges especially on the users’ end since these challenges could harm users and the social network’s reputation. It is important for users of social network to consider these issues that surround the social network. By remembering these challenges, users will be able to protect themselves from negative repercussions on some issues on social network. Privacy as the Main Concern The number one problem users as well as social network administrators face everyday is security. It can happen in any given time with or without the user online. Attacks on different social networking website are always a possibility because the data protected by social networks are too precious to be ignored by attackers. Viruses, spywares and worms that aim to crawl through security protocols of social networks are constantly threatening social networks. Considerable time and resources are always spent by social networks in order to maintain privacy of their users. A single attack could make every user vulnerable to security related problems such as identity theft. Information Access Access to social networking websites varies. Some website will allow any user to access information of persons even though they are not part of the user’s network while some social network prohibit access to any form of information without confirmation from the profile owner. Problems regarding information access could be completely controlled by user but unauthorized access could still happen especially for those who are just starting to understand the rules of different social networks. Updated Notification Every social network provides real time notification usually through email if there are any changes in the user’s profile. But most notifications are very limited and they are usually on the positive things that happened on the social network. For example, when a request to connect is asked, the user will automatically be notified through email or any messaging system the user prefers. But social networks will never inform the user if someone willingly removes their connection. This is done to avoid confrontations between users which significantly affect the relationship. Misuse of Social Networks Unfortunately, there are those who use social network for scams and other illegal purposes. There have been reports around the world that social networks are used to spread rumors, lies or degrading messages that could affect the person’s reputation. â€Å"Cyber bullying† or an act of being hostile to another user online has also been observed in some social networks. This type of actions should never be allowed in any social network. Users have to be careful on the veracity of the data they receive and to take actions as soon as possible as soon as something undesirable is found on social networks. Protection for Children Aside from privacy and misuse of social networks, the vulnerability of minors is also a big problem for all social networks. While some social networks are geared towards adults, most social networks are open to everyone – including minors. Unfortunately, minors on social networks could become targets of sexual predators that can cloak their real identity in different social networks. While some legislators have taken steps in preventing these offenders from using social networks these efforts could be easily curtailed especially when the offender is more than familiar with the internet.

The Presupposition Of Preparing For A Career - 896 Words

The presupposition of Preparing for a Career by Bok indicates that vocational majors and liberal arts major could merge to help students become successful in college. Bok states that vocational majors prepare students for the future career, but students needs liberal arts in order to learn to think critically and read what one’s learning. The three archetypes that exemplify what college should do to help students develop intellectual breadth are to combine the vocational and the liberal arts together, create more opportunities for students to build connections, students are required to learn liberal art in order to learn how to think critically and wisely and lastly instructors should give student feedback and what other employee do to solve a problem in that field. Many students go to college to make more money after one graduates. In Preparing for a Career, Bok said â€Å"The practical question then is not whether many students are unwisely choosing vocational majors, but whether both liberal arts and vocational programs could do a better job of reconciling the career needs of students with the other goals of a rounded undergraduate education. (Bok, 341)† Bok states that most students study in vocational majors because it is more beneficial for them than a liberal arts college, but without liberal arts, students wouldn t be able to start a career. Bok argued that it doesn’t matter whether the student chose vocational and liberal arts major because the college is supposedShow MoreRelatedFamily Counseling Approach: Narrative Counseling3210 Words   |  13 PagesThe main activity in narrative therapy is to repair the client’s life story (Rennie, 1994). The analysis of the study revealed that storytelling is a primary way of dealing with an inner disturbance. 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Social Psychology Essay - 1472 Words

Social psychology is a science that study social thinking (how we perceive ourselves and others, judgement we make and our attitudes); social influence (such as pressure to conform, group of people) and social relations such as aggression and helping (David G. Myers, 2008). Social psychological research methods vary by location: in the laboratory or in the field. Also, it varies by method: correlational or experimental (David G. Myers, 2008). A field research method is everyday situations, for example, Piliavin et al. (1969) Good Samaritanism. Laboratory research method is a controlled situation; for example, Zimbardo (1973) Stanford Prison Experiment. A correlational method measure relationship between two or more variables:†¦show more content†¦Their finding was that this uncaring deed was caused by diffusion of responsibility. Piliavin et al. recognised that Lantene and Darley 1970 experiment lacked ecological validity: it did not related to or reflects everyday, real life (Mark Holah, 2008). As a result, Piliavin et al. (1969) took the study from the laboratory into the field; a field experiment set up on a subway train in New York. Their hypothesis was that there must be factors that influence helping behaviour (Class Handouts). The factors they were interested included Independent variables such as the type of victim (blind or drunk); the race of the victim (black or white); and the Dependable variable such as the speed of helping; the frequency of helping and the race of the helper. Piliavin et al. used the participant observation method (Richard Gross, 2012). It is where researcher, in this case, a member of the study team is part of the activity being studied (Malim and Birch, 1998). The participants were the unsuspecting passengers that travelled on the train. 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Ben Franklin Essay - 1642 Words

Ben Franklin Benjamin Franklin was one of the most influential people in American history. Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in a small town in Boston. Benjamin was one of ten children. His father, Josiah was a candle and soap maker, and his mother Abiah Folger was a homemaker. When Benjamin was only twelve years old he signed his identures so that he could apprentice under his brother, working at a printing press. Here he worked for his brother James for over nine years. Benjamin had enormous talent, and after his apprenticeship was up, he got a job printing for the Boston Gazette. However this did not last very long, after only ten months Franklin’s contract was given to someone else. This prompted Ben to start his own†¦show more content†¦Upon his request a tax was established to provide better watchmen. He also helped organize volunteer firefighters. Ben also proposed a lottery to help bring money into the city, and he chartered a university that is name after h im today, called the University of Pennsylvania. Franklin’s print shop had made him a wealthy man, and in 1748 the success of the print shop had allowed Franklin to retire early. Franklin could now use his time to focus on his two other favorite things: science and politics. Soon after his retirement Franklin became extremely interested in experimenting with electricity. Franklin was one of the first people to suggest that lightning was merely naturally occurring electricity, and that it could be drawn from the clouds. In 1752, Ben Franklin performed his kite experiment. Here Franklin had his proof of lightning’s electrical nature. Franklin wrote specifics on how the experiment was to be done, it said. This kite is to be raised when a thunder-gust appears to be coming on, and the person who holds the string must stand within a door or window, or under some cover, so that the silk ribbon may not be wet; and care must be taken that the twine does not touch the frame of the door or window. As soon as any of the thunder-clouds come over the kite, the pointed wire will draw electric fire from them, and the kite, with all the twine, will be electrified, and the loose filaments of the twine willShow MoreRelatedEssay on ben franklin635 Words   |  3 Pages Ben Franklin Ben Franklin became famous for being a scientist, an inventor, a statesman, a printer, a philosopher, and a librarian. Today, we honor Ben Franklin as one of the men who founded America and as one of Americas greatest citizens. Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston on January 17, 1706. He was the tenth son of soap maker, Josiah Franklin. Though Ben only had one year of schooling he was educated and loved to read and write. 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Marketing Concept Summary Free Essays

Summary Definition of Marketing Marketing is not manipulating consumers to get them to buy products they do not want and it is not just selling and advertising. Marketing is a group of activities designed to expedite transactions by creating, distributing, pricing, and promoting goods, services, and ideas. Marketing facilitates the exchange, the act of giving up one thing in return for something else. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Concept Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now The central focus of marketing is to satisfy needs. Example) People is willing to exchange their â€Å"something of value-money or credit-for soft drinks, football tickets, or new shoes because you consider those product more valuable or more important than holding on to your cash or credit potential. Functions of Marketing Marketing includes many varied and interrelated activities; buying, selling transporting, storing, grading, financing, marketing research, and risk taking. (Example) Fresh oranges are only available for a few months annually, but consumers demand juice throughout the entire year. Seller must arrange for cold storage of orange juice concentrate so that they can maintain a steady supply all of the time. Creating Value with Marketing Marketing creates value, which is an important element of managing long-term customer relationships and implementing the marketing concept. Value is a customer’s subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the worth of a product. (Customer Value = Customer Benefits – Customer Costs) Also you can read this summary –  Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus The Marketing concept The marketing concept is the idea that an organization should try to satisfy customers’ needs through coordinated activities that also allow it to achieve its goals. If a company does not implement the marketing concept by providing products that consumers need and want while achieving its own objectives, it will not survive. (Example) McDonald’s faces increasing pressure to provide more healthful fast-food choices. To keep pace with the customers’ needs, it has eliminated supersized fries and soft drinks and put nutritional information on its food packaging. It also switched to trans-fat-free cooking oils. Although customer satisfaction is the goal of the marketing concept, a business must also achieve its own objectives, such as boosting productivity, reducing costs, or achieving a percentage of a specific market. If it does not, it will not survive. (Example) Dell sold computer for $50 and give customers a lifetime guarantee, which would be great for customers but not so great for Dell. To implement the marketing concept, a firm must have good information about what consumers want, adopt a consumer orientation, and coordinate its efforts through the entire organization. Developing a Marketing Strategy A marketing strategy is a plan of action for creating a marketing mix (product, price, distribution, promotion) for a specific target market (a specific group of consumers on whose needs and wants a company focuses its marketing efforts). Some firms use a total-market approach, designating everyone as the target market. Most firms divide the total market into segments of people who have relatively similar product needs. A company using a concentration approach develops one marketing stratagem for a single market segment, whereas a multi-segment approach aims marketing efforts at wo or more segments, developing a different marketing stratagem for each. (Example of a total-market approach) Salt, sugar, and many agricultural products (Example of market segmentation) Woman, Hispanic, and minority population Key Points and Terms Marketing A group of activities designed to expedite transactions by creating, distributing, pricing, and promoting goods, services, and ideas. Exchange The act o f giving up one thing (money, credit, labor, goods) in return for something else (goods, services, or ideas) Value A customer’s subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the worth of a product. (Customer Value = Customer Benefits – Customer Costs) Marketing Concept The idea that an organization should try to satisfy customers’ needs through coordinated activities that also allow it to achieve its own goals. Marketing Orientation An approach requiring organizations to gather information about customer needs, share that information throughout the firm, and use that information to help build long-term relationships with customers. Marketing Strategy A plan of action for developing, pricing, distributing, and promoting products that meet the needs of specific customers. Market A group of people who have a need, purchasing power, and the desire and authority to spend money on goods, services, and ideas. Target Market A specific group of consumes on whose needs and wants a company focuses its marketing efforts. Total-Market Approach An approach whereby a form tries to appeal to everyone and assumes that all buyers have similar needs. Market Segmentation A strategy whereby a firm divides the total market into groups of people who have relatively similar product needs. Market Segment A collection of individuals, groups, or organizations who share one or more characteristics and thus have relatively similar product needs and desires. Concentration Approach A market segmentation approach whereby a company develops one marketing strategy for a single market segment. Multi-segment Approach A market segmentation approach whereby the marketer aims its efforts at two or more segments, developing a marketing strategy for each. How to cite Marketing Concept Summary, Papers

Energy Metabolism free essay sample

The respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. These provide a passageway to allow air in and out of the body. Every cell in the body requires oxygen to survive. The primary function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases. The respiratory system allows oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, this is necessary to sustain life. During the process of breathing air is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled, this change of gases occurs in the alveoli.The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses into arterial blood. The waste rich blood from the veins releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli which is released through exhaling. Air enters through nostrils which contain coarse hairs. The pharynx is shared between the digestive and respiratory system and extends between the nostrils and the larynx. The larynx joins the pharynx to the trachea; it consists of cartilages and is also known as the voice box. The trachea divides to form the primary bronchi, the left and right bronchi which the bronchi are two tubes that carry air into the lungs and they . reak down into smaller branches which are called bronchioles. At the end of these are air sacs called alveoli which absorb oxygen from the air. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood where it is transported to every cell in the body. 98. 5% of oxygen is carried in the blood by being bound to hemoglobin and 1. 5% is carried by dissolving in the plasma. The pressure of the oxygen in the alveoli must be kept higher than blood pressure to maintain a concentration gradient. Breathing insures there is continuous fresh air brought into the lungs and alveoli. Alveoli have very thin walls and are abundant which means they are efficient in exchanging gases. Mechanisms of Breathing Breathing occurs of the changes of pressure within the thorax.When we inhale the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract and expand the chest cavity. The diaphragm flattens and moves down and the rib cage is moved upwards and out by the intercostal muscles this increase the size of the lungs and draws air in. When we exhale the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and return to their original position. This reduces the size of the thoracic cavity and forces air out of the lungs. The Digestive System The digestive system allows food to be broken down and made soluble so it can be absorbed by the body.Once the food is absorbed by the body it is changed into energy to fuel the body. The main function of the digestive system is to break down the food and fluid so that they are simple chemicals that can easily be absorbed into the bloodstream so they can be transported around the body. The mouth is where chewing occurs; this chewing breaks the food down into pieces which can be more easily digested. Saliva mixes with the food in the mouth to begin the process of breaking it down into a form which the body can absorb. The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach.The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream.These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy. The pancreas is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes into the duodenum. These enzymes then break down protein, fats and carbohydrates. The pancreas is also responsible for making insulin and secreting it directly into the bloodstream.The livers main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients which are absorbed from the small intestine. Bile is secreted from the liver into the small intestine and plays an important role in digesting fat. The liver also detoxifies potentially harmful chemicals and takes raw materials from the intestine and makes various chemicals the body needs to function. The Process The digestive process begins in the mouth; food is broken down by the chewing process and by the salivary enzymes which break starch down into smaller molecules.After being swallowed the food then enters the esophagus which runs from the mouth to the stomach. It forces food from the throat into the stomach using rhythmic movements. When the food reaches the stomach the food is partially digested and mixed with stomach acids to produce chyme. The food then reaches the small intestine where bile, pancreatic enzymes and other digestive enzymes help to break down food. When the food passes through the large intestine some of the water and chemicals are removed from the food. The bacterium in the large intestine helps the digestion process.After the food passes through the large intestine it is stored in the rectum until excreted. Glucose Our bodies main source of energy takes the form of glucose. This type of sugar comes from digesting carbohydrates into a chemical that is easily converted into energy. Most of our glucose comes from digesting the sugars and starch in food such as pasta, rice, fruits, potatoes and grain. The Enzyme Amylase breaks starch down into maltose and simple sugars which are then broken down to glucose in the small intestine.This form of energy then gets absorbed through the small intestine into the bloodstream. The chemical insulin meets the glucose and together they enter cells in the muscles and brain and allow the glucose to power activities. Energy The body has two main energy systems, aerobic and anaerobic energy. Energy is needed for growth, maintenance, activities and exercise. The amount of energy needed by the body is dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise. Aerobic energy is usually the first to be used when the demand for energy increases.The extra demand for oxygen is met by an increase in the rate of breathing and an increase in blood supply met by an increase in heart rate. When the demand for oxygen by the body can’t be met the body uses anaerobic energy which can produce energy without oxygen. The energy required for aerobic energy is obtained by burning food stores with oxygen. It works by the breakdown of carbohydrate, fatty acids and some amino acids. This form of energy also uses slow twitch fibres and uses oxygen which means the energy can last longer. Anaerobic energy relies on the release of energy from food stores in the body without using any oxygen.This type of energy uses fast twitch fibres and it is used in short bursts intensive activity and results in the accumulation of lactic acid which is a waste product; this can result in muscle fatigue . Muscle fatigue is tiredness which happens when all the energy sources available are burned up and there is a buildup of lactic acid. They body also uses different forms of energy such as electrical energy which is used in the nervous system, chemical energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, light energy, sound energy, nuclear energy and heat energy. Anabolism is the process in which organisms make complex molecules and substances from less complex components. Anabolism leads to growth in organisms as molecules are produced from smaller components. This process of growth requires energy and raw components which are produced through catabolism, in which large molecules are broken down into simpler substances and together these processes make up the chemical process metabolism. Anabolism produced nearly all of the chemicals that organisms are composed of and produced proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other substances which are essential in development, growth, maintenance and repair.Catabolism is essential for the proper functioning of anabolism. Catabolic processes such as digestion are responsible for breaking down large ad complex molecules into simple forms. Anabolism is responsible for building new molecules and catabolism is responsible for breaking down other molecules. Adenosine Tri Phosphate molecules are responsible for a wide range of activities within the cell. They are the main energy providers and main fuel for almost all processes that go on in a cell and also carried the energy which is necessary to facilitate all of the processes of human metabolism.The role of energy in the body is not only needed for muscular activity and movement but is also necessary to circulate blood, lymph and tissue fluid through the body, is necessary for breathing and respiration, is necessary for making new cells, growth and repair and is used to transmit nerve impulses so we are able to respond to changes in the environment. Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide During the process of breathing air is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled, this change of gases occurs in the alveoli. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses into arterial blood.The waste rich blood from the veins releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli which is r eleased through exhaling. The respiratory system provides the body with oxygen which can chemically react with glucose which is a type of sugar which comes from digesting carbohydrates into a chemical which is easily converted into energy. Respiration also removes the carbon dioxide which is produced by the reaction which creates energy. The cardiovascular system is vital to pump the oxygenated blood round the body at a rate which meets the energy requirements.The heart rate will increase to provide the body with more oxygen as the intensity and duration of exercise increases. This oxygen will then react with glucose to provide the body with energy. The liver produces bile that is stored in the gall bladder and is then secreted into the small intestine to help with the process of digestion, bile emulsifies fats breaking the large molecules into smaller pieces. The liver and the kidneys are important in glucose metabolism. The liver converts glucose into glycogen which provides the body with a short term energy store. Long term energy storage is contained in fat cells.The liver also converts glycogen back into glucose for immediate use and releases it into the blood stream for the muscles to use. The kidneys main role is to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body. When the chemical reaction, Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide occurs, the excess water which is produced is removed from the body by the kidneys. The respiratory system and the digestive system interrelate by enabling oxygen and glucose to get into the blood stream so that the chemical reaction Oxygen + Glucose - Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide can occur to produce energy.The sugar stored produced by this chemical reaction can be converted immediately into energy is used to enable the person to perform tasks or is stored until the energy is needed. The amount of energy that we receive from different types of food is measured in calories. The glucose which is released into the blood stream can be automatically converted into energy; any extra glucose that isn’t needed is converted to glycogen and is stored in the muscle tissues and liver. This stored glucose can be used for energy during aerobic exercise or can be released by the liver when blood glucose levels drop.