The Design and Construction Phases of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao

5.â€Å"The thing I for one search for is an engineering believed that stands a pleasant chance of enduring the arranging framework, customers requests, esteem innovation and the various hurdlings that it will face†Francis Golding Examination an outline of a building undertaking where you consider the idea has endure the hurdlings looked in its turn of events. Clarify a portion of the difficulties looked during the structure and building method. See the elements of the creator, the customer and different individuals from the plan and building crew in achieving this end, see whether different factors, for example, the spending plan and the kind of procurance played a capacity in the achievement of the endeavor. The system while sorting out a structure is isolated into two cardinal stages: The plan stage and the structure stage, which since the 1990’s have been firmly connected through legally binding understandings. Contingent upon army factors, for example, financial plan and the sort of procurance picked, either side can be drastically influenced by the other. As an outcome the completed product may non be as per the general inclination of the customer, partners or the organizations in question. An outline of a building where both of these stages were finished effectively in each feature is the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, by Frank O. Gehry and Associates ( FOG/A ) . The Client and Advisers The Guggenheim was a huge graduated table endeavor which was dispatched in 1993 by Consorcio Museo Guggenheim ( CMG ) . This gathering included the Basque specialists ( Regional ) and the Vizcaya Government ( Provincial ) . They were liable for financing the endeavor, and the district of Bilbao ( Local Government ) gave the site ( REF ) The ground that the specialists proposed to build a craftsmanship display of such significance, with a notable planner, was because of the way that the city of Bilbao was falling into reduction. There was a squeezing request to set structure endeavors vigorously that would recharge the nation. ( REF ) Since an extraordinary exchange of cash was contributed ( ?77m ) a major proportion of individuals engaged with both the structure and building stages were working for the specialists. CMG set up a crew which managed the full methodology, which included:Legal ConsultantFinancial ControllerCommunicationss DirectorDesign Adviser( REF )Their capacity, as an establishment, was present withing and doing certain the endeavor was run intoing their points. They had â€Å"everyday dynamic power† as they were the customer. ( Harvard ) Other than consult withing on with the plan and building crews was the Solomon R. Guggenheim in New York. They required somewhere to house their in secret workmanship collection †they made an exchange with CMG to loan it ( at an expense ) , and banded together with them to make an organization called the Guggenheim Foundation. This gave them course to the exchange name, Guggenheim. ( Ref hypertext move convention:/www.guggenheim.org/guggenheim-establishment ) Designers Other than associated with the endeavor were IDOM, utilized as official planners. ( ref ) They had immense perception of large scope building. The basic applied researchers were Skidmore, Owings and Merrill ( SOM ) , who other than counseled in the endeavor and framed part of the structure crew. Obtainment CMG built up an away from of requests for IDOM to run into:â€Å" The Executive Architect ( IDOM ) will be answerable for run intoing the imprint cost, with a monetary discipline in the event that it is exceeded.The exhibition hall will open to the people before the terminal of 1997.The historical center will be finished using the best structure criterions.The Executive Architect will augment the utilization of nearby representatives and stuffs for building.The Executive Architect will facilitate the Design Architect’s creativity.†( ref )To achieve these imprints, predominantly the clasp restriction and thorough financial plan, it would require cautious idea into how the structure work would be obtained. Another factor that must be considered was that Gehry’s configuration was goal-oriented, and using conventional procurance strategies would non run into these closures, especially as FOG/A’s engineering phonetic correspondence was â€Å"less and less subo rdinate of current practice† ( Tombesi, 2002 ) and the way that â€Å"80 % of the structure frameworks and stuffs utilized in the Bilbao Guggenheim undertaking were completely exceptional in the building industry.† ( Harvard p5 ) The structure had been usefully demonstrated on the bundle plan, Catia, aforesaid utilized in the airplane business. This was another part that affected the pick of procurance as it would altogether surge up both the plan and the structure stage. It would better plan imparting between all the organizations in question, as the hypothetical record could be perpetually refreshed to take care of data to all temporary workers. ( REF ) â€Å"One of the cardinal variables in building was the solid use of CAD designing, something sensibly uncommon in engineering. Without this designing, the Bilbao Guggenheim would in any case be under structure today† ( Harvard p16 ) Haze/An and IDOM chose seamster doing the agreement for the Guggenheim. They required temporary workers input at an opportune time in the plan stage with the goal that an adequate hypothetical record could be made, that would be each piece close as conceivable to the architect’s vision, however could other than be built definitely like the hypothetical record. This would cover the structure and the structure forms, and would make more clasp to get the exhibition hall manufactured. In any case, Tombesi ( 2002 ) refers to that because of the way that it was an institutional and stupendous scale open building, by law they needed to utilize one general contractual worker. IDOM had involvement with huge scope endeavors and their strategy for pull offing them was by separating the legally binding occupations. They figured out how to convey the open boards delegate in Bilbao this was the best way ( Harvard p3 ) Mist/An and IDOM partitioned the legally binding occupations, and called them ‘paquetes’ :DestructionFoundationsStructureOutsidesInsides and InstallationsUrban InfrastructureFurniture, Fixtures and EquipmentAfter this they started ‘the appeal for proposals’ stage. Mist/A readied starter confirmation which plot the rudimentss of the plan and what was required for each of these paquetes, and sent these off to gatherings of temporary workers who could perchance execute these specializer occupations. The strategy for taking who to coordinate these to was a test for IDOM. â€Å"I was searching for temporary workers [ †¦ ] who were eager to larn how to build the endeavor rather than being solid in sticking to their standard methodologies.† ( Harvard ) The gatherings who were picked were nearly little as â€Å"no temporary worker known to man had ever constructed an endeavor like Bilbao Guggenheim.† ( Harvard ) accordingly the contractual workers would subject recommendations with expound capable data and the amount they could make the endeavor for. ( Tombesi, 2002 ) The agreement was named the ‘design-help process’ ( Figure 1 ) . ( Tombesi, 2002 ) In the chart, it clarifies the underlying structures and primer accreditation framed by FOG/An and IDOM for an individual paquete. The accompanying eliminate was to coordinate these paperss to contractual workers ( aircraft ) thus take which to use after they have presented their proposition. In the outline it shows that FOG/A repaid the contractual workers who were non picked. After they picked the contractual worker they had a time of 90 yearss to build up the structure with the entire of the plan crew. On the off chance that they satisfied the agreement by the terminal of this so they would be granted their ‘lump sum’ . A vocation that IDOM had with these specially crafted paquetes was explicitly to make with the outside structure. Five organizations met the determinations/necessities which IDOM expected to do the structure of the complex outside conceivable ; These organizations were sent order paperss and welcome to subject recommendations. Three of these organizations reacted, yet all were over the set spending plan. The statute confined IDOM from taking any of these proposition regardless of estimating, so another request for orders was given. IDOM other than collaborated with the staying contractual workers to clear up structure and estimating so that doing this order was conceivable. Two organizations coordinated the imprint cost this clasp about and the assurance was made, with the guide of CMG, to take Balzola ( a spot about the organization? ) ( HARVARD ) The underlying pick for the cladding stuff of the Guggenheim was hand-cleaned chromium steel, so the main order paperss were sorted out with this product in head. Anyway FOG/A were timid that it was the fitting stuff for the occupation, and were battling to happen choices that would execute great and look stylishly pleasing. Leaded Cu was an alternative yet IDOM were kicking the bucket that lead would be washed from the downpour into the milieus. Consequently Ti turned into the ideal product to supplant the chromium steel. The solitary avoidance was the disbursal, as it was non a minimal effort stuff. Luckily, large proportions of it had simply been discharged onto the market at the correct clasp for it to be utilized on the Guggenheim, significantly cut bringing down the financial worth. This made it ease bounty to suit into the imprint cost. The Budget The spending plan or imprint cost of the Guggenheim Bilbao was concurred with the customer to be 14,028M Pestas, or ?77m in lbs. As a strategy for run intoing this end and directing the cash spent, IDOM built up a framework which followed outgo at standard stretches. This was a detailed cost estimation, determined each six hebdomads so the plan crew could contrast their progression with it and dish their structure judgments. On the off chance that their projects surpassed this estimation, so steps would be taken to quickly propose a

Childrens books Essay Example For Students

Childrens books Essay Obviously, and furthermore Joy (1970), she expressed that books for grown-ups are not kidding in expectation whiles books for kids are intended to interest. In any case, she likewise accepted that thought is just a suspicion and that's it. In the Public world, there are numerous genuine stories for grown-ups and truckloads of childrens stories planned distinctly for joy, yet the converse is similarly as obvious. There is no reasonable limit between the childrens books and the grown-ups readings. A few people imagine that the childrens stories consistently end with an upbeat completion, and there is no miserable thing in the specific circumstance. The supposition that isn't right, and absence of confirmations. There is actually no distinction where enthusiastic topics are concerned. In childrens books, we can discover love, detests, and others feelings too. Same things we can get in the grown-ups writings. The main distinction is the means by which the writer portrays the subject and conveys the topic to the perusers. The vast majority of the word uses in childrens writing are straight forward, and without a great deal of concealed messages. Thusly, the youthful perusers dont need to think about what the entries mean. At the point when the writers get ready to compose the books for youngsters, they ordinarily have a topic or a message to convey to the perusers. The subject is to teach the understudies and build up their basic perusing aptitudes later on. Jay William, a childrens book essayist, additionally expressed in his article, searching for design, They (childrens books) are dreams, the pictures of probability, the unlimited stories we as a whole advise to ourselves. In contrast to the grown-up book authors, the childrens books essayists for the most part have warm hearts, which are effectively to open to individuals, and tune in to individuals. They utilize the more noteworthy straightforwardness tones to associate with the youthful perusers, and the unique exertion to maintain a strategic distance from reflections. For these writers to compose a childrens book, they have to set themselves in a place as kids. The assignment for these writers who compose the childrens books isn't just to bring in cash, yet in addition to instruct and show the following ages. They have a significant duty. From Jay Williams article, searching for design, he expressed that, When I compose for youngsters, it is for the kid I used to be, alongside a couple of kids I know now. I can't compose for an unclear, nondescript crowd the crowd to which a hack address himself-I can just address genuine crowd. The Arnold Lobel Book of Mother Goose represented by Arnold Lobel. Arnold Lobel was viewed as one of the most significant childrens creator/artist of the twentieth century. I accepted that this book must go with numerous childrens hearts when they were close to nothing. From my conviction, a great childrens book should keep going for incredible timeframe, much the same as The Arnold Lobel Book of Mother Goose. It is everyones sleep time stories when heading to sleep. It may be the principal book your mother or father read to you. This book must contain a ton of recollections for some grown-ups and kids. That is a decent childrens book about. Some film organizations even delivered the motion pictures which are from the popular childrens books. As of late we have Harry Potter arrangement, the Cat in the Hat, and every single different Disneys fantasies motion pictures in the market. Every one of these films pull in the youthful crowds, yet in addition draw in all times of individuals. That is on the grounds that the narratives are contacting and significant to individuals. Everybody can acknowledge the accounts. For over the long haul it is youngsters themselves who choose what they need. For each book is a message, and if youngsters happen to get and like it, they will suitable it to themselves regardless of what the writer may state not what name he gives himself. .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 , .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 .postImageUrl , .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 , .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74:hover , .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74:visited , .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74:active { border:0!important; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74:active , .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74:hover { haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u42aa4dc6515361d3c3583e3cdce4ed74:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Dickens proceeds EssayI accept that a decent youngsters book ought to be appropriate for all times of perusers. Regardless of how old the perusers are, they should all appreciate the books as any other individual. Pamela Travers additionally felt that adults are a significant piece of childrens writing. Since when the adults pick the books for the kids to peruse, they ought to likewise know the subtleties of the books, and what is the subject for the books. Books are so essential to impact the kids, and a decent childrens book is difficult to distinguish. Childrens books are not just the bright pictures which to engage the childrens hearts, yet additionally contain meaning entries to teach childrens spirits. 1. Turner, S (1989) Bad books for youngsters What right? Crisis Liberian, 15-18 2. McNeill, J (1972) When the enchantment needs to stop. The Horn Book Magazine. 35-40 3. Tunis, J. R. (1986). What is an adolescent book? The Horn Book Magazine, 22-26 4. Babbitt, N. (1970). Upbeat consummation? Obviously, and furthermore bliss. The New York Times Book Reviews (Part 2), 1-50 5. Williams, J. (1980). Searching for Pattern. The Signal way to deal with childrens books. 13-22.

Statement of Individual Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Explanation of Individual Rights - Essay Example As indicated by Hatts (2005), the implantation is making nervousness the board of older folks at the island. The development is modifying the social, monetary and the political structure of the island. This suggests the older folks who have had the self-sufficient guideline in the island should alter their style of initiative when formulating laws for use in the island. They will no longer decide the estimations of the individuals in the island. Be that as it may, they will impact the plan of the announcement of individual rights. Examination of the lawful and political philosophical standards at the Nation of Tagg The older folks will think that its hard to proceed with their organization utilizing their â€Å"top down† approach in view of development in the populace. They should recognize the progressions that accompany assorted variety. In that capacity, the committee of older folks will no longer direct to the individuals â€Å"the explanation of their rights†. Rath er, singular rights will be made through accord instead of â€Å"the top down approach†. The seniors will free the self-governance they had of defining arrangements for overseeing the island. The island will be administered distinctively since the masses will be made of individuals from differing foundations. A just methodology will be favored as the type of organization as affirmed by Shweder (2002). Issues, for example, the privilege to property will be ensured to the residents of the island. The revelation of oil in the island will differentiate the monetary exercises of the individuals. As indicated by Hatts (2005), oil investigation will influence the economies of the district. For example, the legitimate ways of thinking will be lined up with the requirements of most of the populaces. Religion will be considered in contriving laws for overseeing oil investigation. Lawful establishments will think of laws on tax collection for individuals taking part in exchange. Subsequ ently, majority rules system will be principal to improving common comprehension in the island. It will be required upon each person to regard the privileges of each other. Everybody will be committed to pay assessment to the specialists. The assorted variety in societies intimates that there will be a distinction in individuals esteems. Also, the managerial methodology utilized in the island will not, at this point be successful. In this manner, it will be important to rebuild the laws for conveying equity. This will guarantee reasonableness and agreement exist among the people in the island of Tagg. All laws ought to be objective and reliable intelligently (Peczenik, 2009). The committee of older folks will confront opposition from various quarters of the populace except if they grasp majority rule government. Consequently, it won't be simple for them to authorize laws to individuals of various rational belief systems. The announcement of the individual rights will be made through meetings in the island to maintain a strategic distance from clashes in the island. After which, individuals living in the island will be regarded. Which means the specialists will perceive the distinction in people’s culture and consider assorted variety while executing laws. The top down methodology will never again be utilized in governorship. Rather, the board of seniors will grasp a participative methodology in figuring laws in the island (Hatts, 2005). They should work together with all the people in the island in thinking of laws. The laws to be conceived ought to guarantee there is value in dispersion of oil assets. In addition, religion and culture will be viewed as when concocting l

AMCAS Application Tip What is a Meaningful Experience

Part of your AMCAS application requires that you write about your â€Å"meaningful experiences.† Do you want to create a winning AMCAS application? Then let’s jump right into learning about how to choose and write about your experiences†¦ â€Å"I became a better listener from volunteering on help lines.† â€Å"Joining the college debate team enhanced my ability to organize and present a case clearly.† â€Å"Despite communication barriers, I made strong personal connections with my host family while studying in Costa Rica.† I’ve done all these things. It’s obvious that they’re meaningful, right? Well, not really. Sure, I’m showing where my skills came from, and that’s a start. But without any context, I’m not explaining why these skills are important. How exactly are they significant, special, meaningful? What can you do to make sure that you fully explain how meaningful your meaningful experiences truly are? 1. Goals: Connect Your Experience to Your Goals One way an experience becomes meaningful is when you can show how those skills helped you achieve a goal. For me, all of these skills – better listening, organizing and presenting arguments, and making connections with others – are meaningful because I always knew I wanted to work in a writing profession. Connecting with a client, listening to their stories, and helping them present their â€Å"case† in a compelling way are critical to my success as an admissions consultant. 2. Values: Show How Your Values Tie into Your Experience Self-reflection on your values and beliefs reveals that you have a strong awareness of who you are, which is always important when you’re making a life-changing decision about your future. Sometimes an activity is meaningful because it challenges you to adjust your personal values or beliefs. Working with an international student association, for example, might expose you for the first time to people with different belief systems, forcing you to question and modify what you had previously believed to be true. On the other hand, sometimes an experience is meaningful because it challenges you to stick to your values. Maybe you withstood pressure to drink alcohol while still coordinating successful campus events. Maybe you were tempted to overlook a friend’s cheating while you were a TA. Used effectively, a defense of your moral principles can make an ordinary event quite meaningful. 3. Personal Qualities: Express which Personal Qualities are Prominent in Your Experiences Again, self-reflection is required to write about who you really are, but identifying your personal qualities and showing how they have become your strengths can make an outstanding story for your meaningful experiences. Your shyness might be overcome by a role in the school play, or it might help you empathize with the child in the pediatric ward who keeps to himself. Playing the â€Å"class clown,† which got you into trouble all through school, might turn out to be the thing that enabled you to connect with elderly residents at a hospice. Remember, the point of these experiences is to show the medical school admissions committee that your experiences will contribute to your med school success, so don’t be afraid to spell out the connection between your experience and your future career in medicine. The people reading your application shouldn’t have to make that connection themselves – and you don’t want to risk that they won’t. Emphasizing that your goals, values, and personal traits all support your future role as a physician will make that important link in the reader’s mind. ; By Cydney Foote, Accepted consultant and author of Write Your Way to Medical School, who has helped future physicians craft winning applications since 2001. Want Cyd to help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Ace the AMCAS Essay, a free guide †¢ 3 Tips for Showing Strengths in Your Application Essays †¢ 7 Signs an Experience Belongs in Your Application AMCAS Application Tip What is a Meaningful Experience Part of your AMCAS application requires that you write about your â€Å"meaningful experiences.† Do you want to create a winning AMCAS application? Then let’s jump right into learning about how to choose and write about your experiences†¦ â€Å"I became a better listener from volunteering on help lines.† â€Å"Joining the college debate team enhanced my ability to organize and present a case clearly.† â€Å"Despite communication barriers, I made strong personal connections with my host family while studying in Costa Rica.† I’ve done all these things. It’s obvious that they’re meaningful, right? Well, not really. Sure, I’m showing where my skills came from, and that’s a start. But without any context, I’m not explaining why these skills are important. How exactly are they significant, special, meaningful? What can you do to make sure that you fully explain how meaningful your meaningful experiences truly are? 1. Goals: Connect Your Experience to Your Goals One way an experience becomes meaningful is when you can show how those skills helped you achieve a goal. For me, all of these skills – better listening, organizing and presenting arguments, and making connections with others – are meaningful because I always knew I wanted to work in a writing profession. Connecting with a client, listening to their stories, and helping them present their â€Å"case† in a compelling way are critical to my success as an admissions consultant. 2. Values: Show How Your Values Tie into Your Experience Self-reflection on your values and beliefs reveals that you have a strong awareness of who you are, which is always important when you’re making a life-changing decision about your future. Sometimes an activity is meaningful because it challenges you to adjust your personal values or beliefs. Working with an international student association, for example, might expose you for the first time to people with different belief systems, forcing you to question and modify what you had previously believed to be true. On the other hand, sometimes an experience is meaningful because it challenges you to stick to your values. Maybe you withstood pressure to drink alcohol while still coordinating successful campus events. Maybe you were tempted to overlook a friend’s cheating while you were a TA. Used effectively, a defense of your moral principles can make an ordinary event quite meaningful. 3. Personal Qualities: Express which Personal Qualities are Prominent in Your Experiences Again, self-reflection is required to write about who you really are, but identifying your personal qualities and showing how they have become your strengths can make an outstanding story for your meaningful experiences. Your shyness might be overcome by a role in the school play, or it might help you empathize with the child in the pediatric ward who keeps to himself. Playing the â€Å"class clown,† which got you into trouble all through school, might turn out to be the thing that enabled you to connect with elderly residents at a hospice. Remember, the point of these experiences is to show the medical school admissions committee that your experiences will contribute to your med school success, so don’t be afraid to spell out the connection between your experience and your future career in medicine. The people reading your application shouldn’t have to make that connection themselves – and you don’t want to risk that they won’t. Emphasizing that your goals, values, and personal traits all support your future role as a physician will make that important link in the reader’s mind. ; By Cydney Foote, Accepted consultant and author of Write Your Way to Medical School, who has helped future physicians craft winning applications since 2001. Want Cyd to help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Ace the AMCAS Essay, a free guide †¢ 3 Tips for Showing Strengths in Your Application Essays †¢ 7 Signs an Experience Belongs in Your Application

The 3 Layers of the Heart Wall

The Heroes Of Classical Mythology - 1738 Words

Heroes in classical mythology are often compared with gods and are seen to be more akin to gods than mortal men. They are famously known for the quests or the deeds carried out by them. These quests usually do not take place near where they originate from. They need to travel long distances and usually transgress geographical, cosmological and physical boundaries. During these quests, they come across and have to interact with a range of divine and supernatural creatures, objects, and people. In doing so, they can be seen helping keep the society more ordered and civilized. Due to their deeds they too like gods have their own cults and/or are worshipped. Many of the heroes also gain apotheosis (immorality). Heroes can have divine parentage which classifies them as hemitheoi (half gods/ demi-gods). All these qualities of heroes truly makes them more akin to gods than mortal men. The quests carried out by the heroes makes them transgress many types of boundaries which is impossible for the mortal men to do so. From such transgressions, one of the key ones is that the katabasis. In this context it means the journey to the underworld. This type of journey is usually seen only by people who die and move to the underworld, however, heroes are seen to be able to make this journey while they live. One such example is Heracles when he travels to the underworld to capture and bring back the three headed dog Cerberus (Apollodorous, 2.5.12). Another example is Odysseus who hasShow MoreRelated Classical Mythology Essay572 Words   |  3 Pages Classical Mythology What would one think if he goes back in time to a period where myths were common? Would one believe it to be true or hold his own opinion? I would say it depends on the situation and on what type of myth it is. Classical period was full of myths. 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Music Videos Debate Essay Example For Students

Music Videos Debate Essay Music is prominent in adolescent lives: teenagers spend between 4 and 5 hours a day listening to music and watching music videos 1 and name music listening as their preferred non-school activity. 2 Therefore, it is not surprising that government officials, researchers and parents alike are concerned about the impact of music on teenagers. Disturbed by the amount of violence portrayed in modern music, adults worry that these messages are contributing to the rise in violence among kids. Forty-eight percent (48%) of Americans say that violence in popular music should be more heavily regulated 3 and 59% would like to restrict violence in music. 4Music LyricsForty-seven percent (47%) of mothers with children in public schools believe that violent messages in rap music contribute â€Å"a great deal† to school violence, 5 and 66% of 13- to 17-year-olds believe violence in music is partly responsible for violent crimes like the 1999 Columbine High School shootings. 6 However, no studi es have documented a cause-and-effect relationship between violent or sexually explicit lyrics and adverse behavioral effects. 7 Studies show that the preference for heavy metal music may be a significant indicator for alienation, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, suicide risks, sex-role stereotyping, or risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, 8 but music is not the cause of these behaviors. It is hypothesized that teenagers already struggling with those issues may be attracted to heavy metal music, because the lyrics express their own troubled feelings. Nonetheless, music may contribute to the atmosphere of violence that some argue is generated by popular media. Critics claim that music negatively affects teenagers by repeatedly exposing them to themes such as Satanism, substance abuse, murder, suicide and sexual violence, which may be heavily reinforced and normalized by the frequency of their portrayal. 9 Heavy metal and rap music are especially criticized for lyrics that many believe glorify violence. Music lyrics have also become increasingly explicit in the past two decades. Songs commonly make graphic references to sex, drugs and violence, whereas such sensitive topics were cleverly veiled in the past. 10In particular, â€Å"gangsta rap† is distinguished by lyrics that often involve references to street gangs, gunplay, sex, drug use and violence, and has been accused of extolling violent behavior. Studies have found that exposure to rap music â€Å"tends to lead to a higher degree of acceptance of the use of violence.à ¢â‚¬  11 In addition, several major rap artists have been charged with violent crimes in real life, 12 and many worry that their actions seemingly condone the violent messages in their music. Their celebrity status also serves to glamorize their violent behavior. Music VideosMusic Television (MTV) redefined music for future generations by creating music videos, and the unique fusion between rock music and visual images continues to be a hit. A 1996 study revealed that boys and girls ages 12 to 19 watch MTV for an average of 6.6 and 6.2 hours each week, respectively. 13 But despite music videos’ popularity among adolescents, many adults criticize the medium as studies show that music videos often contain violence, sexism, suicide and substance abuse. 14 A 1998-1999 study revealed that music videos were more violent than feature films and television, averaging four violent scenes each, 15 and a 1997 study reported that 22.4% of MTV videos contained overt violence and 25% depicted weapon carrying. 16The American Academy of Pediatrics reported that portrayals of violence in popular music videos could distort adolescents’ expectations about conflict resolution, race and male-female relationships. 17 In a 1998 study of 518 music video s from the four most popular music video networks, almost 15% contained interpersonal violence, averaging 6 violent acts per violence-containing video. 18 Males and females were equally portrayed as victims of violence, but men were three times as likely to be the aggressors and white females were most frequently the victims. 19 African Americans were also overrepresented as both aggressors and victims and were 28 times more likely to be portrayed as victims of violence than aggressors. 20How much music videos affect teenagers depends on the individual, but researchers argue that when music lyrics are illustrated in music videos, the lyrics’ potential impact is magnified by the accompanying video images. 21 Ambiguous song lyrics become undeniably concrete onscreen, reinforcing messages listeners may have missed. Several studies indicate that music videos may desensitize adolescents by frequently exposing them to violence. 22 Watching videos may also induce violent and aggress ive feelings, potentially cultivating attitudes that may lead to certain types of violent behavior. One study of 400 male and female students showed that the more violent music videos were, the more angry, fearful and aggressive viewers felt. 23 Another study reported that eliminating access to MTV decreased the number of violent acts among teenagers and young adults in a locked treatment facility. 24Some researchers raise concerns regarding depictions of women as sexual objects in music videos, where inappropriate behavior, such as unwanted sexual advances and general disrespect towards women, is repeatedly portrayed as normal. Sut Jhally, a communications professor at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, created a video entitled â€Å"Dreamworks: Desire/Sex/Power in Rock Videos,† which effectively shows how music videos dehumanize women, reducing them to body parts readily available for the sexual satisfaction of men. Although outright violence towards women is rarely s hown, it is implied through stage props like whips and chains and is reinforced by the women’s permissive attitudes. Jhally stresses that music videos do not cause violence, but may encourage unrealistic expectations regarding women, leading to certain types of sexist attitudes and behaviors. â€Å"The more TV you watch, the more you think the world is like TV,† Jhally explains. â€Å"You tend to act on the stories you have access to.† 25